lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g dfWolds tx;Dd cfjZos
– lbg]; k|;fb ltdlN;gf, lzIfs
;fdfGo cy{df d"Nofª\g eGgfn] s'g} klg sfo{sf]
n]vfhf]vf, 5fgljg jf hfFra'em ug'{nfO{ d"Nofª\g elgG5 . x/]s sfo{nfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu d"Nofª\gsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 .
To:t} lzIf0f If]qdf lgwf{l/t p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfk ;~rfng
x'G5 . lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfkaf6 ck]lIft pknlAw xfFl;n eP jf ePgg\ /
ljBfyL{sf] Jojxf/df s] slt kl/jt{g cfof] jf cfPg h:tf s'/fx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{
k|lqmof d"Nofª\g xf] . d"Nofª\gaf6 k|fKt glthfn] lgwf{l/t p2]Zo
k"/f eP gePsf] n]vfhf]vf ul/g] x'gfn] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ g;Sg'sf sf/0fx?
vf]hL lzIf0f l;sfOdf ;'wf/ ugf{sf nflu ;'wf/fTds lzIf0f of]hgf agfpg ;lsG5 .
dflg;n] cfˆgf] hLjgdf cfOkg]{ sfdx?sf] l;nl;nfdf uNtL sdLsdhf]/Lx? ug{ ;S5g\ .
o:tf uNtL sdLsdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf bf]xf]l/g glbg d"Nofª\gn]
dfu{bz{g u5{ . To:t} ljBfyL{ :jod\n] klg cfkm"n] l;s]sf cg'ej u/]sf /
;DkGg u/]sf sfo{sf cfwf/df l;sfO k|ultsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ ;S5 .
lzIff of]hgf ;kmn kfg{sf] nflu z}lIfs
k|lqmofdf d"Nofª\g ljleGg k|sf/sf k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . h;dWo] lzIf0f
l;sfOsf] qmddf lgdf{0ffTds, lg0f{ofTds / lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g k|of]u ul/G5 .
lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\gn] ljBfyL{sf] lzIf0f l;sfOsf qmddf ePsf sdLsdhf]/L kQf
nufO{ lzIf0f l;sfOdf ;'wf/ Nofpg' o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo xf] . o;sf ;fwgx?df u[xsfo{,
PsfO k/LIff, lg/LIf0f cflb kb{5g\ . of] d"Nofª\gn] ljBfyL{nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f
lbb} l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;xof]u ub{5 .
lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\g eGgfn] sfo{qmd
jf z}lIfs ;qsf] cGTodf p2]Zocg';f/ ljBfyL{sf] lg0f{o lng, pknAwL xfl;n eof] jf
ePg eGg] s'/fsf] k/LIf0f u/L pgLx?sf] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ d"Nofª\gnfO{
lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\g elgG5 . pknAwLsf] cfwf/df pQL0f{ cg'QL0f{ jf >]0fL
lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]sf] k|dfl0fs lg0f{o lbg] sfo{ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\g xf] .
of] d"Nofª\gsf] p2]Zo ljBfyL{sf] pknAwLsf] tx jf >]0fL lgwf{/0f u/L
k|df0fkq ;d]t k|bfg ug'{ xf] . ljBfyL{df z}lIfs pknAwLx?sf] ljZj;gLotf / a}4tf
o; d"Nofª\gn] k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 .
lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfksf] qmddf k|To]s
ljBfyL{n] xfl;n u/]sf l;sfO pknAwLsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pgLx?sf] :t/ kQf nufO{ ;f]
cg';f/ cfjZos ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNg' g} lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g xf] . x/]s lzIf0f
l;sfO lqmofsnfk;Fu lgoldt ?kdf ul/g] x'gfn] o;nfO{ lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g elgG5 .
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g k|0ffnLdf ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlw ckgfO{ rnfv
ljBfyL{nfO{ cem yk pT;fx k|bfg ub}{ / l;sfO:t/ dWod / Go"g ePsfnfO{ yk d2t
u/L l;Sg k|]l/t ul/G5 . o; d"Nofª\g k|0ffnLdf lzIfsn] sIffsfo{df ljBfyL{n]
xfl;n u/]sf l;sfO pknAwL cfjlws ?kdf lnPsf] lnlvt k/LIff, u[xsfo{ / k|of]ufTds
sfo{nufot cGo d"Nofª\gsf ;fwg / ljlw k|of]u u/L k|fKt pknAwLsf] n]vfhf]vf
ul/G5 . o;/L ul/Psf] n]vfhf]vfsf] cfwf/df sIff]Gglt ug]{ ul/G5 . lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\gn]
cg'QL0f{ u/L sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] ;d:ofaf6
d'Qm u/fO{ dflyNnf] sIffdf l;sfO:t/ a9fpg yk d2t ub{5 . z}lIfs pknAwLsf cltl/Qm
afgL Joxf]/f, Jojxf/ ljz]if 36gf jf sfo{sf] clen]v, lgoldttf, u[xsfo{, cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfkdf ;lqmotf nufotsf ;du|kIfsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L ;du| ?kdf ljBfyL{sf]
clen]v /fvL d"Nofª\g ul/G5 .
k/Dk/fut ?kdf rlncfPsf] sfkLsnd
k/LIffaf6 ljBfyL{sf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfsf] d"Nofª\g ug{ ;Sb}g . ljBfyL{n] Ps
z}lIfs ;qdf l;s]sf s'/fnfO{ tLg 306f leq dfkg ug{ sl7g x'G5 lsgls k/LIffdf
ljBfyL{sf] kfl/jf/Ls, dfgl;s, :jf:Yo tyf zfl//Ls cj:yf sdhf]/ x'Fbf k/LIff
lau|g ;S5 h;n] ubf{ k|efjsf/L d"Nofª\g x'g ;Sb}g o;nfO{ x6fpg dfWolds
tx;Dd g} lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g ug{'kb{5 . ljBfyL{sf] h'g kIfsf] d"Nofª\g
ug{ vf]lhPsf] xf] To; kIfnfO{ ;"rs agfO{ lgoldt ?kdf d"Nofª\g u/L
To;sf] /]s8{ /fvL cfGtl/s d"Nofª\g / lnlvt k/LIffsf] cª\snfO{ afXo d"Nofª\gdf
;d]t ;dfj]z u/L b'j} d"Nofª\gsf] cfwf/df d"Nofª\g ubf{ ;lx d"Nofª\gdf
lgDg kIfx? h:t} M q}dfl;s leq tLgj6f PsfO{ k/LIff, ljBfyL{sf] pkl:ylt,
kl/of]hgf sfo{, u[xsfo{, sIffsfo{sf] 5'§f5'§} ;"rs agfO{ To;sf] cfwf/df d"Nofª\g
ubf{ d"Nofª\g k|efjsf/L x'G5 . h;sf] gd'gf o; k|sf/ 5 M
k|f=lj=
txsf] nflu
|
dfN6f – *, nlntk'/
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g clen]v kmf/d
qm=;+
|
ljBfyL{sf] gfd
y/
|
P=k
-!_
!)
|
lg=d'
-!_
!)
|
P=k
-@_
!)
|
lg=d'
-@_
!)
|
P=k
-#_
!)
|
lg=d'
-#_
!)
|
hDdf
-!_ P=k,
lg=d'=
|
sIff sfo{ !)
|
u[xsfo{ %
|
of]hgf
sfo{ %
|
xflh/
!)
|
Jojxf/
kl/jt{g
!)
|
hDdf
-@_
|
q}dfl;s d"Nofª\g
|
s'n
hDdf
-!))_
|
||
hDdf
-!_
sf]
%)Ü
|
hDdf
-@_
sf] @%Ü
|
q}=k=sf] ^)Ü
|
||||||||||||||||
df=lj= txsf] nflu
|
|
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\g clen]v kmf/d
qm=;+
|
ljBfyL{sf] gfd
y/
|
P=k-!_
@)
|
P=k-@_
@)
|
P=k -#_
@)
|
hDdf -!_ P=k
|
sIff sfo{ !)
|
u[xsfo{ %
|
of]hgf
sfo{ %
|
xflh/
!)
|
Jojxf/
kl/jt{g
!)
|
hDdf -@_
|
q}dfl;s d"Nofª\g
|
s'n
hDdf
-!))_
|
||
hDdf-!_
sf] %)Ü
|
hDdf-@_
sf] @%Ü
|
q}=k=sf] ^)Ü
|
|||||||||||||
;du|df lzIfs ;lqmo eO{ sIffdf
k|efjsf/L lzIf0f ubf{ dfq k|efjsf/L lzIf0f eO{ d"Nofª\g x'g ;S5 . xfn
g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Iodf lzIffsf] /fli6«o, txut, ljifout p2]Zox? clt /fd|f ePtf klg
o;sf] k|of]u sIffsf]7fdf k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lzIfsnfO{ hlt;'s} tflnd,
;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ lzIff jf b'/ lzIff cfPtf klg clwsf+z lzIfsx?sf
sfo{s'zntfdf kl/jt{g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . sltko lzIfsx? ljBfnodf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOnfO{
dxTj lbG5g\ eg] sltko lzIfsx? ljBfnodf cfO{ cf/fd ug]{, sIffdf uO{ of]hgf
cg';f/ lzIf0f gug]{, sIffdf ljBfyL{nfO{ k9\g nufO{ 306L ljtfO{ kms{g] x'G5g\ .
o;n] ubf{ ljBfyL{x?sf] Jojxf/df cfjZostf cg';f/ kl/jt{g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
lzIffdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?n] cf–cfˆgf]
lhDd]jf/L tyf k'/f st{Jo ug{ ;s]sf lzIffdf ;'wf/ x'g;S5 .
cufl8 a9\b} 5
sfnLb]jL
– lbjfs/ nfld5fg],
lzIfs
ljBftfn]
ljZje/L s} ;'Gb/tfnfO{ hDdf kf/]/ 3KnSs} vGofPsf] efg x'g] dfN6f uf=lj=;=
k|fs[lts 56\6fn] el/k"0f{ :yfg xf] . jl/kl/sf cUnf kxf8 clg o;sf] 5ftLdf
axg] jfudtL gbLn] ;fFRr} :juL{otfsf] cfefif u/Psf] cg'e"lt o; uf=lj=;=sf]
kof{j/0fLo klxrfg xf] . e"–d08nLo lx;fjn] ;fgf] b]lvPtf klg d]/f] d'6'sf]
w8\sg ag]sf] o; e"ld cg]s hfthflt¿kL k'ikx? k'likt / kNnljt 5g\ . cnu cnu
;fF:s[lts klxrfg af]s]/ plePsf] o; e"ld x]bf{df sf]nfhsf] a'6\6f h:tf]
b]lvG5 . oxfFsf] d]nldnfk ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efj j}dg:otf / b'ef{jtfn] tgfju|:t
h'g;'s} j:tL t s] /fi6«n] g} kf7 l;Sg nfossf] 5 . o:t} wfld{stf / Pstfsf] kf7
l;sfO ljsf; ultdf nDsg tyf cGofosf lj?4 n8\g klg h'D;f]kg b]vfpg' x'Gg eGg]
k|ltsfTds cy{ af]s]sf] sfnLb]jL dlGb/ /xg'sf] Psflt/ wfld{s dxTj 5Fb}5,
csf]{lt/ oxL wfld{s :yn cg]s hftL lar ;b\efjgf / ;~hLjgLsf] ;~rf/ u/fpg] ldng
ljGb' /xg' klg plQs} rrf{ of]Uo 5 .
oxL
k[i7e"lddf lj=;+= @)!( ;fndf o; ljBfnosf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . hLjgsf
k"jf{4df ljljw pTkL8g em]n]sf] o; ljBfnon] ljutsf cg]s x08/ / 7Ss/ vfP/
jt{dfgdf kfOnf rfNb} 5 . o; ljBfno ljutdf ef}lts, z}lIfs / ;fdflhs ?kdf
lk5l8Psf] lyof] . ljutsf oyfy{nfO{ ;Demg] xf] eg] o; ljBfnodf k7gkf7g ug]{
ejgsf] cefj, kmlg{r/sf] ;d:of, ljBfnosf] d}bfgdf ;fj{hlgs kf]v/L /x]sf] x'gfn]
v]Ng] d}bfgsf] cefj tyf j/sf] rf}tf/fdf ukm ufkm / xNnf ug]{ c8\8fsf] ?kdf
lyof] eGbf hf] sf]lxnfO{ klg crDd nfUg ;S5 . o; ;Gbe{df ljutdf lzIff If]qdf
k5fl8 k/]sf] o; If]qdf df=lj= ljBfno agfP/ lzIff lbg'k5{ eGg] cjwf/0ff /fvL
cu|;/ x'g] wdf{gGb km'ofFn, 3ggfy l3ld/], j}s'07 nfld5fg], xf]dk|;fb l3ld/] tyf
cGo lzIff k|]dL / ;dfh;]jL JolQmx?n] cd"No of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . h;n]
ljBfnosf] ljhe"ld tof/ kfg'{eof] . o:t} ;'Gb/ e"lddf /f]lkPsf] lj?jf
h;df dnhn / uf]8d]n u/L o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] c? lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs,
/fhgLlt1, ;dfh;]jL tyf a'l4hLjLx? cflb ;a} k|lt o; e"ld C0fL 5 eGg'
clto'lQm gxf]nf . o:t} dfof ;b\efj / k|]/0ff kfP/ ljutsf /fd|f kIfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbb} o;n] O{kf, l7+ug h:tf dsjfgk'/sf If]q / e§]8fF8f, 3';]n h:tf If]qnfO{
;d]6L sl/j @%) eGbf al9 ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k|j]lzsf k/LIff kf; u/fO ;s]sf] 5 . xfn
$%) eGbf al9 ljBfyL{x? ;d]6L pRr df=lj= ;Dd ;~rfng ub}{ df}nfPsf] o; ljBfnon]
@)^& ;fnsf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf ;fd'bflos ljBfnotkm{ lhNnfs} bf];|f] :yfg
cf]u6\g' t emg ljBfnosf] ce"tk"j{ ;kmntf dfGg' k5{ . h'g dfN6f
jf;Lsf] uj{s} s'/f xf] . oxL ;kmntfsf] lar o; ljBfnon] cfufdL lbgdf lgDgfg';f/
/0fgLlt tof/ kf/L z}lIfs If]qdf l;+uf}/L v]Ng] c7f]6 ul/;s]sf] 5 .
·
cª\u|]hL dfWodsf] lzIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} hfg] .
·
xfn sfod /x]sf] sIff ! b]lv !) ;Ddsf] lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\gnfO{
kl/dfh{g ;lxt nfu' ug]{ .
·
ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{x?nfO{ pQL0f{ u/fpg k|of; ug]{ .
·
xfn ;~rfng ePsf] Kofs]h sf];{nfO{ lj:tf/ / Jojl:yt ub}{
n}hfg] .
·
ljBfyL{df ePsf] k|ltefnfO{ /fli6«o :t/df lrgfpg k9fOsf cnjf
cltl/Qm lqmofsnfknfO{ hf]8 lbg] .
·
lgMz'Ns tyf Go'gtd kfl/>dLsdf sfd ul//x]sf lzIfs,
lzlIfsf tyf sd{rf/Lsf] Tofusf] pRr d"Nofª\g ub}{ yk kfl/>dLs h'6fpg kxn
ug]{ .
·
lzIff;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a};Fu xft]dfnf] ub}{ hfg] .
·
ljBfnon] o:tf /0fgLlt k"/f ug{sf nflu PSn} cufl8 a9\g'
PSnf] j[x:klt em'6f ;fljt x'G5 eGg' h:t} xf] . t;y{ ljBfnosf] o:tf] dxfg
cleofgnfO{ ;fy lbg ;DalGwt If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ j'l4hLjL, lzIffk|]dL, ;dfh;]jL,
/fhgLlt1, cleefjs tyf ljBfno;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] tdfd JolQmTjsf] ;xof]u ckl/xfo{
/lx/xG5 eGg' clto'lQm gxf]nf . ljBfnoaf6 s] kfof} eGbf klg ljBfnonfO{ s] lbg
;lsG5 egL o;tkm{ ;a}n] Ps k6s ;f]Rg] kf] xf] sL <
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